Survey and review of integrity at Indian Research Institutions

October 10, 2010

Cases of plagiarism and other scientific misconduct is thought to be increasing in India. The rapid growth in the country in recent years has been mirrored by a growth in the number of research institutions, science publications and number of published papers. The pursuit of advancement of institutional reputations in newly established Universities and the development of personal careers has led to an increased pressure to publish. Scientific funding has not kept pace with the growth of institutions and numbers of people involved in research and this has led to increased competition in the seeking of limited funds. Quality assurance and oversight processes have not kept pace and in many young institutions may even be totally absent. There is little emphasis given to training for scientists or administrators regarding scientific rigour or ethics or integrity.

Indian graduates and scientists are generally highly regarded. There is an increasing focus from outside the country for establishing research and engineering centres in India and for commissioning research at Indian Research Institutions. But there is growing concern about standards and the proper selection and use of Indian scientists and Indian Research Institutions. A need has been expressed for an independent review of the level of integrity at various Institutions.

This need has only been emphasised by the recent high profile cases of plagiarism regarding GM crops where the Minister rejected a report by the 6 top Indian science academies including the Indian National Science Academy and the apparent, wide-spread plagiarism which has, for example, led to the retraction of 3 papers in the Journal Biotechnology Advances.

A survey and review to assess and rank Integrity at Indian Research Institutions has therefore been privately commissioned. The study is to be completed by 1st May 2011 and the first phase of information gathering is expected to continue through February 2011.

Institutions to be included in the survey will be requested individually to make a formal submission.

Institutions or individuals wishing to participate by making unsolicited submissions are invited to do so as detailed in the separate page established here.


Hayabusa particles could be extraterrestrial

October 10, 2010

I posted earlier on the return of the ion engine powered Hayabusa.

Hayabusa started its journey in 2003 and met up with the asteroid Itokawa in 2005. The plan was to fire small metal projectiles at the asteroid to generate small pea size samples of the asteroid. This plan failed when the projectile firing device failed to function. After a long journey the spacecraft returned to Earth in June this year.

The sample capsule released by the Hayabusa asteroid probe. (Mainichi)

The sample capsule released by the Hayabusa asteroid probe. (Mainichi)

 

Though the inner capsule had no mm sized particles as hoped, some dust was found in the sealed container. Until recently, many of the fine particles found in the capsule had been believed to be aluminum powder or dust that had slipped into the capsule on Earth during manufacturing or Hayabusa’s launch reports the Mainichi Daily News.

However, the research team collected some 100 particles that are smaller than 0.001 millimeters in size from the inner cylinder of the capsule, called the “sample catcher,” and concluded some of them may be cosmic materials. The particles, which are invisible to the human eye, were collected by remote control using a special Teflon spatula — about 6 millimeters long and 3 millimeters wide — and examined with an electron microscope. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) plans to further analyze the samples by splitting each particle and examining their crystal structure at Spring 8, a large-scale synchrotron radiation facility in Hyogo Prefecture, starting next month to determine where they are from. The procedure may also provide new information on the birth of the solar system.

“We cannot yet tell (whether the particles are from Itokawa) from their external features, but we have found many particles and there is a chance (that they are extraterrestrial),” said Munetaka Ueno, a researcher at JAXA’s Institute of Space and Astronautical Science.

Today Mainichi reports that:

Rocky particles (circled) are seen on the tip of a spatula used to scrape materials off of the sample capsule. (Photo courtesy of JAXA).

Rocky particles (circled) are seen on the tip of a spatula used to scrape materials off of the sample capsule. (Photo courtesy of JAXA).

The particles in a sample capsule released by the Hayabusa asteroid probe on its return to Earth were largely rocky materials, researchers have announced. At a lecture of the Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences in Nagoya on Oct. 8, a team of researchers released electron micrographs of the particles that were retrieved from the capsule, reporting that most of them were rocky.

According to the research team, including experts from the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), they have detected at least 100 particles from the capsule, with most of them measuring less than 0.001 millimeters in size.

Since the rocky particles are diverse in composition, researchers will further inspect them at SPring-8, a large synchrotron radiation facility in Sayo, Hyogo Prefecture, to determine if they are terrestrial or from the asteroid Itokawa.

UN climate talks in China end without breakthrough

October 9, 2010

No Surprises. (I wonder what the Carbon footprint of all the delegates, journalists and other hangers-on attending the jamboree was?). Oh well, the next jamboree will be held in Cancun in November.

From the BBC.

UN climate talks in China have ended without a major breakthrough and with angry words about the US from Beijing.

It has been the old deadlock in the northern Chinese city of Tianjin during the week-long talks. China feels unfairly criticised by the US.

On Saturday, one of the Chinese climate negotiators reportedly accused the US of behaving like a preening pig, complaining about Beijing when Washington had done so little itself.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-11508913

Vicious attack on Dr. Fred Singer by Der Spiegel

October 9, 2010

Der Spiegel likes to keep its many feet in every possible camp.

In May this year they had published  an article:  How the Science of Global Warming Was Compromised by Axel Bojanowski.

But clearly they feel the need to show how impartial they are and that they can also be as alarmist as the rest of the media !!!!!!

Yesterday they published The Traveling Salesmen of Climate Skepticism by Cordula Meyer which is a vicious attack on Fred Singer and , in passing, on Gerd Weber. From her previous articles, she does not seem to have any special science credentials and clearly is one of the global warming groupies who believes that consensus science is good science : “According to a US study, 97 percent of all climatologists worldwide assume that greenhouse gases produced by humans are warming the Earth”.

‘Science as the Enemy’

A handful of US scientists have made names for themselves by casting doubt on global warming research. In the past, the same people have also downplayed the dangers of passive smoking, acid rain and the ozone hole. In all cases, the tactics are the same: Spread doubt and claim it’s too soon to take action.

Read the whole article if you have the stomach for it.

Chang’e-2 enters final working orbit around the moon.

October 9, 2010

Chang’e-2 has now entered into its final 118 min orbit and formally starts its mission of mapping the moon and preparing the way for Chang’e-3.

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-10/09/c_13548648.htm

Chang’e-2, following instructions from the Beijing Aerospace Control Center (BACC), started the third braking at 11:17 a.m. and entered the 118-minute, round working orbit 15 minutes later, changing the satellite’s apolune from 1,825 km to about 100 km, the BACC said. The satellite will begin scientific exploration activities soon.

Chang’e-2 lifted off from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center, in southwest China’s Sichuan Province, on Oct. 1. The moon probe completed its first braking on Wednesday and the second on Friday.

 

 

Unsettled science?

October 9, 2010

 

History of sunspot number observations showing...

Image via Wikipedia

 

Within the space of two days there have been two scientific papers with entirely different conclusions about the effect of the active sun on climate. That there is a difference from two different studies is perfectly normal (and desirable if we are to learn), but what is obvious is the inanity of considering that the effects of solar variations on climate is a “settled science”. Solar Science and Climate are still in the realm of “where we don’t know what we don’t know”.

The first on October 5th, led to the conclusion that:

an increase in solar activity from the Sun actually cools the Earth

The second reported here comes to the conclusion that:

“The contribution of the active sun, indirectly via cosmic rays, to global warming appears to be much stronger than the presently accepted [IPCC] upper limit of 1/3.”

 

????

Read the rest of this entry »

Academic Cheating: China and India need to clean up their acts

October 9, 2010

The number of scientific research papers published in India stood at 22,215 in 2007, up from 11,067 a decade earlier.  Chinese academies published a similar number of papers in 1997 — 12,632 but that figure had leapt to 67,433 by 2007.  China in 2007 contributed8.6 percent of the world’s scientific papers while India produced 2.4 percent.

 

Plagiarism

 

Publish or perish is the prevailing paradigm in both countries and plagiarism, data manufacture and manipulation and just downright cheating are endemic to academia. (Plagiarism is rampant in the Indian movie industry and in book publishing as well so academia merely reflects the society at large).

Where cases of plagiarism come to light as with the recent high profile case of plagiarism in reports on GM crops or the cases of plagiarism at IIT-Kanpur, the whitewash committees soon swing into action. Even if sometimes suspended, it does not take long for the parties involved to regain their former positions. CYA prevails.

But the solution does not lie just with correcting institutional processes and better monitoring. A fundamental change in institutional and personal standards of ethics  is required. Academia will need to lead society and not just be sheep.

Just some of the recent cases of academic plagiarism in India and China are given below:

India

  1. Plagiarism: a scourge afflicting the Indian science
  2. Plagiarism plagues India’s genetically modified crops
  3. Biotechnology Advances retracts 3 papers from India for plagiarism
  4. Scientific plagiarism in India
  5. We must restore scientific integrity in Indian research
  6. In India, plagiarism is on the rise
  7. Call for Indian plagiarism watchdog
  8. Copycats from IIT-Kanpur?

China

  1. Do plagiarism, fraud, and retractions make it more difficult trust research from China?
  2. Rampant Fraud Threat to China’s Brisk Ascent.
  3. Scientists behaving badly; Recent events show China needs to clean up its scientific act.
  4. Academic corruption undermining higher education: Yau Shing-tung.
  5. CHINA: Universities fail to tackle plagiarism.
  6. In China, academic cheating is rampant; Some say practice harmful to nation.
  7. CHINA: Professor sacked for academic plagiarism
  8. Nearly half of China’s science workers think academic cheating is “common”.

Chang’e-2 enters penultimate lunar orbit

October 8, 2010

http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/sci/2010-10/08/c_13547437.htm

China’s second unmanned lunar probe, Chang’e-2, has successfully completed its second braking at perilune on Friday, which decelerated the satellite and allowed it to enter a 3.5-hour orbit, according to the Beijing Aerospace Control Center (BACC).

Chang’e-2, following instructions from the center, started the second braking at 10:45 a.m. and entered the 3.5-hour elliptical moon orbit 17 minutes later, said Ma Yongping, vice-director of the BACC.

The second braking was to decelerate the satellite to prepare it for the final braking and its entering the designed 118-minute working orbit, Ma said.

Previous posts on Chang’e-2

https://ktwop.wordpress.com/2010/10/08/change-2-starts-transmitting-data-from-lunar-orbit/

https://ktwop.wordpress.com/2010/10/06/change-2-enters-12-hour-lunar-orbit/

https://ktwop.wordpress.com/2010/10/03/change-2-mission-on-track/

https://ktwop.wordpress.com/2010/09/30/chinas-second-moon-probe-change-2-to-launch-this-weekend/

Ships of the future

October 8, 2010

Freely translated from Ny Teknik

The Finnish shipbuilder Wärtsilä has drawn up three possible scenarios for 2030 and made concept sketches for the ships of the future which would fit into the scenarios. They are now inviting comments from the public.
Wärtsilä’s “future investigators” have sketched three types of vessels that fit on each of the three different visions – Rough Seas, the Yellow River and the Open Oceans.

 

Rough Seas Water Carrier: Wärtsilä

 

Read the rest of this entry »

Graphene: Urban legend in the making?

October 8, 2010

As I posted earlier, the Nobel Prize in Physics 2010 was awarded jointly to Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov “for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene”

It seems there is no controversy that “the first graphene samples formed were produced by pulling atom thick layers from a sample of graphite using sticky tape”.

But whether the graphite sample was actually lead flakes from a pencil and whether the sticky tape was actually Scotch tape is more uncertain. Nevertheless, it is now the stuff of urban legend and the subject of cartoons.

 

Nobel physics 2010.png

sticky tape + pencil = graphene

 

http://blogs.nature.com/strippedscience/2010/10/06/nobel-prize-in-physics-2010-catoon